Gun violence is also a rural issue

Gun related injuries caused 46,728 deaths in the United States in 2023, underscoring the scale and urgency of firearm violence nationwide. The American Public Health Association, has declared gun violence a major public health issue, emphasizing the consequences of gun violence beyond crime statistics. Firearm deaths include homicides, suicides, accidental shootings, and law enforcement related deaths, each not only contributing to death but also a ripple effect of trauma through communities. Beyond gun related death, the impact of being exposed to gun violence has also led to an increase in behavioral health outcomes for American youth.

 Credit: Alan Cleaver, 2009

Despite the breadth of this crisis, federal approaches to gun violence prevention have shifted by administration. During his second administration, Trump has revoked multiple initiatives related to gun safety, including the School Safety Committee and rescinded the former Surgeon General’s advisory which identified gun violence as a public health crisis. These actions signal a move away from framing gun violence as a matter that requires public health interventions. Instead, gun violence is often framed as an urban crime problem concentrated in large cities. This framing is not limited to a single administration, in fact violence involving firearms has often been portrayed as a uniquely “big city” problem. This narrative tends to frame urban areas, particularly cities with Democratic leadership, as chaotic and in need of enforcement or federal intervention, such as the deployment of the national guard by Trump.

However, gun violence is not just a problem for large American cities. In September 2025, the Center for American Progress released findings showing that rural counties have higher overall rates of firearm mortality and gun homicides when compared to small, medium, and large metropolitan counties. Using the National Center for Health Statistics Classification Scheme for Counties to define rurality, the report found that there were 16.6 firearm deaths per 100,000 residents in rural counties, compared to 11.5 deaths per 100,000 residents in large metropolitan counties. This gap is largely accounted for by the high rate of gun suicides in rural counties, in fact gun related suicides accounted for nearly six in ten gun deaths in 2023 and nine of the top ten counties by gun suicide rate were rural.

Rural and urban areas are often pitted against one another in political discourse, and the gun violence debate is no exception. Guns are typically more integrated into daily life in rural areas, where they are used for hunting or personal protection, and firearm ownership rates are generally higher. Even so, the statistics of firearm mortality in rural counties is striking. Shaped by media coverage and political rhetoric, many Americans may have internalized the idea that gun violence is concentrated in large cities.

Importantly, many counties with higher rates of gun related death are located in states with comparatively weaker gun laws. Guns hold a great cultural significance to many rural communities and rural traditions should not be vilified in the process of treating this public health issue. However, this crisis cannot be ignored for much longer and policymakers and communities alike need to work together to find the middle ground between effective gun regulations that preserve rural culture and combat real violence.